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Women and Saudi Arabia’s Male Guardianship System. Summary. We all have to live in the borders of the boxes our dads or husbands draw for us.—Zahra, 2. Saudi woman, April 7, 2. It can mess with your head and the way you look at yourself. How do you respect yourself or how [can] your family respect you, if he is your legal guardian?—Hayat, 4.

December 7, 2. 01. In Saudi Arabia, a woman’s life is controlled by a man from birth until death. Every Saudi woman must have a male guardian, normally a father or husband, but in some cases a brother or even a son, who has the power to make a range of critical decisions on her behalf. As dozens of Saudi women told Human Rights Watch, the male guardianship system is the most significant impediment to realizing women’s rights in the country, effectively rendering adult women legal minors who cannot make key decisions for themselves. Rania, a 3. 4- year- old Saudi woman, said, “We are entrusted with raising the next generation but you can’t trust us with ourselves. It doesn’t make any sense.”Every Saudi woman, regardless of her economic or social class, is adversely affected by guardianship policies. Adult women from Saudi Arabia must obtain permission from a male guardian to travel abroad, marry, or be released from prison, and may be required to provide guardian consent to work or get health care.

Adult women must obtain permission from a male guardian to travel, marry, or exit prison. They may be required to provide guardian consent in order to work or access healthcare. Women regularly face difficulty conducting a range of transactions without a male relative, from renting an apartment to filing legal claims. The impact these restrictive policies have on a woman’s ability to pursue a career or make life decisions varies, but is largely dependent on the good will of her male guardian. In some cases, men use the authority that the male guardianship system grants them to extort female dependents. Guardians have conditioned their consent for women to work or to travel on her paying him large sums of money. Women in Saudi Arabia face formal and informal barriers when attempting to make decisions or take action without the presence or consent of a male relative.

Women’s rights activists in Saudi Arabia have repeatedly called on the government to abolish the male guardianship system, which the government agreed to do in 2. Universal Periodic Review (UPR) at the United Nations Human Rights Council.

Following both hearings, Saudi Arabia took limited steps to reform certain aspects of the guardianship system. But, these changes remain insufficient, incomplete, and ineffective; today, the guardianship system remains mostly intact. Saudi Arabia’s male guardianship system remains the most significant impediment to women’s rights in the country despite limited reforms over the last decade. Until the guardianship system is removed entirely, Saudi Arabia will remain in violation of its human rights obligations and unable to realize its Vision 2. Reforms. Saudi Arabia has made a series of limited changes over the last 1. Notable examples include allowing women to participate in the country’s limited political space, actively encouraging women to enter the labor market, and taking steps to better respond to domestic violence. For example, in 2. King Abdullahappointed 3.

Shura Council, his highest advisory body. On December 1. 2, 2. The elections were a significant, symbolic victory for women, particularly as many women had campaigned for this right for more than a decade. In recent years, Saudi Arabia has also issued a range of decisions significantly increasing women’s access to the labor market, as part of a broader economic reform program aimed at decreasing the country’s reliance on oil.

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These include removing language in the labor law that previously restricted women’s work to certain fields “suitable to their nature,” and no longer requiring that woman have guardian permission to work. Authorities have provided incentives to employers to hire women and earmark certain positions for women and provided thousands of scholarships for women to study in universities abroad. Saudi Arabia has also taken steps to better respond to violence against women and to provide women with better access to government services. In 2. 01. 3, it passed a law criminalizing domestic abuse and, in 2. Saudi Arabia has also worked to improve women’s access to government services, including enabling women to secure their own ID cards; issuing to divorced and widowed women family cards, which specify familial relationships and are required to conduct a number of bureaucratic tasks; and removing requirements that a woman bring a male relative to identify them in court. Limitations of Reforms. While the reforms are a step in the right direction, they remain partial and incomplete.

The male guardianship system remains largely in place, hindering and in some cases nullifying the efficacy of these reforms. As Hayat, 4. 4, said, “I don’t believe we can change this in small steps. It is what is happening right now. We need a very brave call from the government to remove this [guardianship] and make it equal.”While women now serve on the Shura Council and on municipal councils, these victories remain limited and authorities continue to curb women’s ability to participate in public life. Women made up less than 1. December 1. 5, 2.

Many women faced barriers linked to the guardianship system when registering to vote, such as a requirement to prove residency in their voting district—a difficult or impossible task for many women whose names are not generally listed on housing deeds or rental agreements—or a requirement to present a family card, often held by a male guardian. In the end, only 2. Municipal councils themselves have limited authority and, in January 2. Following the announcement, a woman councilor stepped down. The guardianship system also impacts women’s ability to seek work inside Saudi Arabia and to pursue opportunities abroad that might advance their careers. Specifically, women may not apply for a passport without male guardian approval and require permission to travel outside the country.

Women also cannot study abroad on a government scholarship without guardian approval and, while not always enforced, officially require a male relative to accompany them throughout the course of their studies.

All About IBPS Bank Exams, Govt and SSC Jobs in 2. The IBPS SO (Specialist Officer) Recruitment Notification 2. With positions such as IT officer, HR officer, Agriculture officer, Marketing officer to be filled through this selection process, there are different eligibility conditions for each. Hence we are providing the clarifications for some of your frequent doubts on IBPS SO 2. Unlike PO & Clerk, the specialist officer job profile is more related to one specific sector. That’s the reason why IBPS SO 2. Things covered in here: IT officer Doubts Agri officer Doubts Marketing/ HR Doubts.

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We have categorized your questions post- wise in such a way it benefits those who are looking to apply for them. Your Doubts about IT Officer Eligibility. Individuals with engineering or technology degree in the following disciplines are eligible to apply for IT Officer (scale I) postition in IBPS SO 2. UG (BE/ BTech) or PG in Computer Science/ Computer Applications/ Information Technology/ Electronics/ Electronics & Telecommunications/ Electronics & Communication/ Electronics & Instrumentation OR - Any graduate with DOEACC ‘B’ level certificate The course duration of UG course should be 4 years. Q: I have completed BE/ B. Tech Mechanical engineering.

A: You are not eligible to apply. Q: Should I need experience to apply for IT Officer vacancies? A: No. Freshers are also eligible. Q: I did my degree through correspondence (distance education). Shall I apply? A: Yes. Q: Are Electrical & Electronics/ Electrical engineering degree holders eligible?

A: No. EEE is not mentioned under the list of educational qualifications given in the notification. So applicants with that degree may not be eligible. Q: Can MCA graduates apply for IT Officer? A: Yes. Q: I will complete my course in May 2. I am in final semester/year. A: Final year/ semester students are not eligible for IBPS SO recruitment 2. Only those candidates who have completed their degree as on November 2.

Q: Any books to prepare for IBPS IT officer Professional Knowledge? A: Professional knowledge is an important paper in IT officer online exam because marks obtained in this section would only be considered for interview selection. IT Officer Professional Knowledge Exam Guide – Click here to buy online for Rs.

Computer Certificate Necessary. Candidates applying for Agri officer, Marketing Officer, HR Officer, Rajbhasha Adhikari & Law Officer: Should have studied Computers or IT as one of the subject in their High School or College or Institute. If not, then they must hold a certificate or diploma in computer operations or language. This is an important eligibility condition & hence would be verified at the time of Interview. All those registering for IT Officer, are not required to have this certificate. Your Agriculture Officer Eligibility Doubts. To submit application for Agricultural Field Officer, you need to posses these qualifications: - 4 yr Degree in Agriculture/ Horticulture/ Animal Husbandry/ Veterinary Science/ Dairy Science/ Agro Forestry/ Agri.

Engineering/ Pisciculture/ Agri Marketing & Cooperation/ Fishery Science /Co- operation & Banking/ Agro- Forestry/ Forestry/ Agricultural Biotechnology/ Food Science/ Agriculture Business Management/ Food Technology/ Dairy Technology/ Agricultural Engineering. Q: I have done BSc. Agriculture. Am I eligible? A: IBPS is asking for 4 yr course, while B. Sc would be 3 yrs only.

So you are not eligible. Q: I am having 3 years experience in software MNC. Can I apply for Agri. A: If you are an agriculture graduate & possess the necessary eligibility conditions, then you are eligible to apply. Experience is not required. Q: I did Agri in UG & MBA in PG. Will I be able to apply?

A: Yes, you are eligible for AFO position since you had completed agri in UG. Q: Are BE Biotechology graduates eligible to apply for agriculture field officer post? A: Biotechnology is not mentioned in the list of degrees eligible for IBPS SO (AFO) vacancy. So candidates with biotechnology cannot apply. Marketing & HR Officer Eligibility Doubts. To apply for Marketing Officer vacancies you need.

To complete any degree in UG & Full time MMS/ MBA/ PGDBA/ PGDBM with specialization in marketing. For HR Officer vacancy,Any degree in graduation & PG degree (regular) in Personnel Management/ Industrial Relations/ HR/ HRD/ Social Work /Labour Law is necessary. Q: I completed MBA through distance education. Is it eligible? A: No. Candidates applying for HR & Marketing vacancies should have studied their PG degrees/ diploma ONLY through regular colleges (2 year course). Q: I have only UG degree.

Can I still apply for HR or Marketing officer? A: Post graduation degree is compulsory. UG degree alone is not necessary. Study materials: There are online mock tests and books for marketing officer exam to help you practice different types of questions.- IBPS SO marketing officer exam previous solved papers - Rs. Click here to buy online- IBPS SO (Marketing officer) Online Mock Tests (1. Rs. 5. 99 – Buy online here.

Dual Specialization in MBA? Candidates who had opted for dual specialization in their MBA are confused on whether they are eligible for this IBPS specialist officer exam 2. The preceding explanations should clarify more on this. Q: I have dual specializations in MBA.

There is no major & minor subjects in my degree. Am I eligible? A: Yes, you are eligible for the posts if any of the specialization is in the prescribed discipline (HR for HR officer/ Marketing for Marketing officer)Q: I did MBA with Finance as major & HR as minor specialization. Can I apply for HR officer? Watch The Lazarus Effect Online Hoyts. A: Since HR is your minor specialization, you are NOT eligible. Q: I had Marketing as major & Finance as minor.

Am I elgible for Marketing Officer post? A: Yes, you are eligible. In case your degree has major/ minor subjects, the major specialization should be either in HR for HR Officer or Marketing for Marketing Officer. Anything apart from are not be eligible.

For more info on eligibility, application process etc, remember to read through our detailed article on IBPS Specialist Officer 2.